Knowledge of diamond and the origin of its many connations starts in India, where it was first mined. The word most generally used for diamond in Sanskrit is translitereated as vajra, “thunderbolt,” and indrayudha, “Indra’s weapon.” Because Indra is the warrior god from Vedic scriptures, the foundation of Hinduism, the thunderbolt symbol indicates much about the Indian conception of diamond.
The flash of lightning is a suitable comparison for the light thrown off by a fine diamond octahedron and a diamond’s indomitable hardness. Early descriptions of vajra date to the 4th century BCE which is supported by archaeological evidence. By that date diamond was a valued material.
The Hardness of Diamond: Diamond’s supreme hardness was recognized: “The gems and the metals that exist on earth are all scratched by the diamond: the diamond is not (scratched) by them. A noble substance scratches that which is noble and that which is not; the diamond scratches even the ruby. The diamond scratches all and is not scratched by any.”
The significance of the wedding ring was clearly defined in the 7th century by the bishop and chronicler Isidore of Seville (c. 560-636): “It was given by the spouser to the espoused whether for a sign of mutual fidelity or still more to join their hearts to this pledge and that therefore the ring is placed on the fourth finger because a certain vein is said to flow from thence to the heart.”
The powerful Bala exceeded the highest serenity of great souls: in the pride of his courage he replied “Yes” to the gods. firm in his resolve and asking for nothing in the face of the agony that extinguished his life-giving breath, he was tied to a stake by thirteen strings, like an animal; he was bound by his own word.
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